An aerial view of a melting glacier in southern Iceland. A recent report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warns that glaciers, snow, ice and permafrost are declining “and will continue to do so”. In Europe, eastern Africa, the tropical Andes and Indonesia, smaller glaciers are projected to lose more than 80 per cent of their current ice mass by 2100, under worst emission scenarios. This is likely to increase hazards for people, for example through landslides, avalanches, rockfalls and floods, in addition to farmers and hydroelectric power producers downstream.